Home textiles, also known as decorative textiles, together with apparel textiles and industrial textiles constitute the world of textiles.
First, the basic knowledge of product fabrics (a) fabric 1, fiber, textile fiber fiber is a natural or synthetic filamentous material; textile fiber is used for textile fabric fibers.
Plant fiber: cotton, hemp, soybean fiber, corn fiber natural fiber animal fiber: wool, rabbit hair, silk textile fiber mineral fiber: asbestos recycled fiber: viscose fiber, acetate fiber chemical fiber synthetic fiber: nylon, polyester, acrylic, etc. Inorganic fiber: glass fiber, metal fiber 2, fabric structure definition: textile is obtained by two systems perpendicular to each other on the loom, which are interwoven according to a certain rule, that is, the latitude and longitude lines rise and fall according to a certain law. The surface of the fabric forms a certain texture and pattern, and this tissue is called a fabric structure. There are plain, twill, jacquard, satin, non-woven fabrics, etc.
Plain weave: The texture formed by the warp and weft yarns interlaced in the weaving process. It is characterized by the fact that the warp and weft yarns have the most interlaced structure in all fabrics, and thus the breaking strength is large, and the front and back features are basically the same.
Twill weave: The texture formed by the warp and weft yarns interlaced in the weaving process. The feature is that the number of warp and weft yarns is less than that of the plain weave, so that the number of yarn counts per unit length can be increased, so that the fabric is more compact, thick, and has better gloss.
Satin texture: The texture formed by the warp and weft yarns interlaced in the weaving process. It is characterized by a significant difference between the front and the back, the front is particularly smooth and shiny, while the reverse side is rough and dull. Under the same strip of fabric density, it is the least interlaced point in the original tissue. So feel soft, but the strength is the lowest.
3. Combed yarn and carded yarn, adding "strip", "convolution" and "combing" to the process between the carding and drawing process in front. The yarn is spun into a combed yarn by repeating the drafting of the sliver] lap, combing the short velvet (16 mm or less) and the like to improve the uniformity of the spun yarn. If the yarns woven by the above three processes are omitted, the yarn is combed. Fabrics woven with combed yarns will have a greatly improved appearance and feel.
4, fabric types and main features cotton: natural fiber, contact with the skin without any stimulation, good for the human body, moisture absorption, breathable, but easy to wrinkle.
Polyester-cotton blended (polyester-viscose blend): not easy to wrinkle, good finish, good tear strength, but easy to pilling, easy to generate static electricity. * Viscose fiber (synthetic cotton): excellent hygroscopicity, good ventilation, good drape, low cost, but high shrinkage, poor wet processing strength, and easy to wrinkle.
Polyester: Poor moisture absorption, poor gas permeability, hair ball, serious static electricity, good shape retention, high tear strength, abrasion resistance, good gloss and smooth surface.
5, fabric / warp and weft density yarn: refers to the length of each gram of yarn, that is, the higher the yarn count, the finer the yarn. The better the uniformity, the lower the yarn count, the thicker the yarn. The yarn count is marked as "S", 40S or more is called high-density high-density, 30S or more is called high-count yarn, 20S---30S or more is called medium-count yarn, and 20S is called low-count yarn.
The length of the cloth----the direction of the width of the warp----the total number of warp yarns with a width of 1 inch in the weft direction----the total number of weft yarns with a density of 1 inch = 2.54 cm and 1 inch wide--- weft Dense fabric density = warp + weft density (eg: 200 yarns / 1 square inch, warp direction 110 yarns, weft 910 yarns, also available 110 * 90)
Warp density + weft density ≥ 180 6. Definition of shrinkage of fabric: refers to the percentage of fabric shrinkage after washing or immersion in fabric.
1) The more easily absorbable fiber - the greater the shrinkage rate (example: viscose > cotton > polyester / cotton > polyester)
2) The thinner the density of the fabric - the greater the shrinkage rate 3) The thicker the yarn of the fabric - the greater the shrinkage rate 4) The weaving and printing processes of the fabric are different (the warp tension is large - the shrinkage rate is large; the latitudinal stretch is more Width - large shrinkage rate)
7. Identification of fabrics The feel of fabrics is an important part of the quality of fabrics used to identify fabrics.
The feel includes the following aspects:
1) Whether the fabric body is stiff and slack 2) Smooth and rough fabric surface 3) Soft and hard fabric 4) Thin and thick fabric 5) Cold and warm fabric 6) Fabric has no irritation to the skin
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